Equivalent circuit of a single phase induction motor the equivalent circuit of a single phase induction motor can be obtained by two methods named as the double revolving field theory and cross field theory. Single phase motors figure 4 shows a single phase sine wave. The alternating current flowing through stator winding causes induced current in the rotor bars of the squirrel cage rotor according to faradays law of electromagnetic induction. The induction motor cannot make a quickreversal run because of the torque acting in the opposite therefore stop the induction motor once, change the wire connections and make a reverse run construction characteristics coding system motor ac power supply single phase mounting frame option d2 l a 4. Jan 02, 2017 singlephase induction motor this singlephase motors are truly two phase machines. Single phase induction motor the singlephase induction machine is the most frequently used motor for refrigerators, washing machines, clocks, drills, compressors, pumps, and so forth. Some singlephase induction motors are also called squirrel cage motors because of the rotors similarity. Single phase induction motors arenot a selfstarting motor, and three phase induction motor are a selfstarting motor. Clarke tools clarke electric motors single phase electric motors.
A singlephase ac current supplies the main winding that produces a pulsating magnetic field. Single phase induction motors questions and answers. Singlephase induction motors are used in residential applications for ac motor appliances in single, or multiple dwellings. The singlephase stator winding produces a magnetic field that pulsates in strength in a sinusoidal manner. The rotor connects the mechanical load through the shaft. Refer back to this diagram as the operational requirements of the single phase motor are discussed. Pdf speed control of single phase induction motor using vf. How an induction motor works by equations and physics. Now we cover two things about single phase induction motor.
Unlike a 3phase induction motor, a singlephase induction motor is not self starting but requires some starting means. If your application is likely to overload the system, this is not the best motor choice and you would be better off looking elsewhere. Working principle of a single phase induction motor circuit. This singlephase motors are truly two phase machines.
So, this document provides information about single phase induction motor, constructionstator, rotor, working principle, types of single phase induction motors, starting methods of single phase induction motors, and applications of single. There are many methods of making a single phase induction motor as self starting one. The singlephase induction motor is much the same in construction as the three phase motor. The 3phase set of currents, each of equal magnitude and with a phase. Singlephase induction motors have a copper or aluminum squirrel cage embedded in a cylinder of steel laminations, typical of polyphase induction motors. Singlephase induction motor works on the principle of faraday law electromagnetic induction which says that the rate of change of flux is equaled to emf induced. The single phase induction motor is much the same in construction as the three phase motor. Notice that the single phase curve, unlike its three phase cousin, consists of only one wave form. Shaded pole induction motors working and construction. There are various types of electrical motors amongst single phase induction motor is being used frequently in domestic, industrial, and agricultural applications. Shaded pole motor is a splitphase type single phase induction motor. The rotor will constantly be turning to align its magnetic field with that of the stator field. Advantages and disadvantages of single phase motors.
Induction motor seminar ppt, pdf report study mafia. This may be achieved by converting a singlephase supply into twophase supply through the use of an additional winding. C114 single phase induction motors oriental motor general catalog 20152016 6 w 1125 hp 15 w. The rotor in the single phase induction motor is of squirrel cage rotor type. There are three types of single phase induction motors which are the shaded pole, split phased, and capacitor. It is widely used when compared to the three phase motor for the industrial, commercial and domestic purposes. Singlephase motors for household applications intechopen. Some singlephase induction motors are also called squirrel cage motors because of. This article will provide fundamentals, description and working principle of single phase induction motor. Working principle of a single phase induction motor.
Applications of single phase induction motor pnpntransistor. Why single phase induction motor does not self starts. Shaded pole motor is a split phase type single phase induction motor. If a single phase motor is single voltage or if either winding is intended for only one voltage, the terminal marking shall be determined as follows.
There are many types of singlephase induction motor, these types are classified according to the starting processes of a single. The singlephase motor stator has a laminated iron core with two windings arranged perpendicularly. Due to this flux, emf gets induced in the rotor conductors due to transformer action. Various starting methods used in the singlephase induction motors, with the intro duction of additional features, like the addition of another winding in the stator. C114 singlephase induction motors oriental motor general catalog 20152016 6 w 1125 hp 15 w 150 hp 25 w hp 40 w 119 hp 60 w 112 hp 90 w 18 hp bh series 200 w 14 hp. The stator winding is excited by the single phase a. Based on the starting method, single phase induction motors are basically classified into the. Starting methods for singlephase induction motor nptel. The singlephase induction motor is the most frequently used motor for refrigerators, washing machines, clocks, drills, compressors, pumps, and so forth. Types of single phase induction motors electronics hub. Some single phase induction motors are also called squirrel cage motors because of the rotors similarity.
A single phase induction motor differs in operation from a 3 phase induction motor in the sense that this motor cannot generate a rotating magnetic field. A single phase induction motor is an electric motor that operates on a single waveform of alternating current. Permissible limits of noise levels for rotating electrical machines. A brief on single phase induction motor pdf elprocus. An electrical machine that is used for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy is called as an electric motor. Slip ring induction motor is made up from wound rotor and squirrel cage induction motor is made up from the squirrel cage rotor. The single phase stator winding produces a magnetic field that pulsates in strength in a sinusoidal manner.
Pdf lecture 1 single phase induction motor sri vidhya. It comprises an enclosure in steel or plastic, a contactor, start contact, link wires and stop start buttons. Single phase induction motor the single phase induction machine is the most frequently used motor for refrigerators, washing machines, clocks, drills, compressors, pumps, and so forth. Single phase induction motor split phase, capacitor and shaded pole etc. The single phase induction motor is the most frequently used motor for refrigerators, washing machines, clocks, drills, compressors, pumps, and so forth. A single phase induction motor is inherently not selfstaring can be shown easily. The three phase induction motor is the easiest motor of this type to understand so these notes start with that type.
Types of single phase induction motors single phase. Wound rotor motors are an old system for providing relatively efficient operation of a relatively large e. Singlephase induction motor this singlephase motors are truly two phase machines. As mentioned above that, due to the rotating magnetic field of the stator, the induction motor becomes self starting. A single phase induction motor consists of a single phase winding which is mounted on the stator of the motor and a cage winding placed on the rotor.
However, single phase induction motors does not have self starting torque and are made to. The rotor in the singlephase induction motor is of squirrel cage rotor type. When the stator of a single phase motor is fed with single phase supply, it produces alternating flux in the stator winding. There are three basic types of small induction motors. The motor uses a squirrel cage rotor, which has a laminated. Although single phase induction motor is more simple in construction and is cheaper than a 3phase induction motor of the same frame size, it is less efficient and it operates at lower power factor.
If a singlephase motor is single voltage or if either winding is intended for only one voltage, the terminal marking shall be determined as follows. The singlephase induction motor can be made to be selfstarting in numerous ways. A threephase motor may be run from a singlephase power source. We hope that the information provided in the lists above has allowed you to determine whether a single phase motor will best meet the needs of your application or whether you would be better off looking elsewhere. This paper analyzes a protection scheme for a three phase induction motor based on a single phasing fault.
Single speed three phase induction motors for driving lifts. Unlike a 3 phase induction motor, a single phase induction motor is not self starting but requires some starting means. Aluminum bars are molded on the slots and shortcircuited at both ends with a ring. Permanentsplit capacitor motor one way to solve the single phase problem is to build a 2 phase motor, deriving 2 phase power from single phase. The single phase induction motor is more subtle and less efficient. The stator winding carries an alternating current which produces the flux which is also alternating in nature. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Equivalent circuit of a single phase induction motor.
A single phase ac supply is given to the stator of single phase induction motor. The singlephase motor stator has a laminated iron core with. A pulsating magnetic field is produced, when the stator winding of the singlephase induction motor shown below is energised by a single phase supply. Dec 19, 2015 types of single phase induction motors. Jul 11, 2019 as its name indicates stator is a stationary part of induction motor. The induction motor cannot make a quickreversal run because of the torque acting in the opposite therefore stop the induction motor once, change the wire connections and make a reverse run construction characteristics coding system motor ac power supply mounting frame option d2 l a 4. Induction motor basics, single phase and three phase. Single phase induction motor the engineering knowledge. For 90 w 18 hp output power single phase 200 vac 60 hz. Values of performance characteristics for three phase induction motors. Instead of a rotating magnetic field, it produces a magnetic field which pulsates due to ac oscillations between 0 and 180 degrees. Oct 05, 2016 a single phase induction motor differs in operation from a 3 phase induction motor in the sense that this motor cannot generate a rotating magnetic field.
Single phase induction motors multiple choice questions. Are there single phase wound rotor induction motors. Singlephase motors will last for years as well, and usually, most failures from singlephase motors are a result of an inappropriate application rather. Although single phase induction motor is more simple in construction and is cheaper than a 3 phase induction motor of the same frame size, it is less efficient and it operates at lower power factor. Before going to the operation and characteristics of splitphase induction motor we should first understand why single phase induction motor is not selfstarting to make a singlephase induction motor selfstarting, we should somehow produce a rotating magnetic field. Lets take a look at the motor stator that utilizes this power source. The magnetic field in the air gap from the voltage applied to the stator. Types of single phase induction motor split phase capacitor start. Single phase induction motor, theory of operation double revolving field theory, equivalent circuit, determination of parameters methods of starting, split phase starting, repulsion starting, shaded pole starting, performance characteristics. In addition to this, single phase motors are reliable, cheap in cost, simple in construction and easy to repair. The single phase motor stator has a laminated iron core with. Single phase induction motors are used in residential applications for ac motor appliances in single, or multiple dwellings. The rotor winding terminals are connected to three slip rings which turn with the rotor. In figure 2, we saw the cross section of a 3 phase, 2 pole motor.
We need to give double excitation to make a dc motor to rotate. The singlephase induction motor is much the same in construction as the threephase motor. Two stages were considered in the analysis of this work. The motor uses a squirrel cage rotor, which has a laminated iron core with slots. Single phase series motor, theory of operation performance and application, shcrage motor. The construction of stator of the induction motor is almost the same as other motors. Working principle of single phase induction motor and its. The basic idea of an electric motor is to generate two magnetic fields. Speed control of single phase induction motor using vf technique. Design of single phase induction motor linkedin slideshare. Single phase motors will last for years as well, and usually, most failures from single phase motors are a result of an inappropriate application rather. In a split phase motor, the running winding should have a high resistance and low inductance b low resistance and high inductance c high resistance as well as high inductance d low resistance as well as low inductiance ans. In twopole singlephase motors, the torque goes to zero at 100% slip zero speed, so these require alterations to the stator such as shadedpoles to provide starting torque.
Three phase squirrel cage induction motors for centrifugal pumps for agricultural applications is 8151. Pdf on may 3, 2019, ahmed m t ibraheem alnaib and others published single phase induction motors find, read and cite all the research. Directonline dol motor starter description the direct on line motor starter dol is designed to switch a single or three phase induction motor at rated voltage. Pdf speed control of single phase induction motor using. Generally, there are two types of the induction motors known as single phase and three phase induction motors. The shaded pole motor is very popular for ratings below 0. Firstly the equivalent circuit is developed on the basis of double revolving field theory when only its main winding is energized. As its name indicates stator is a stationary part of induction motor. There are single phase induction motors and three phase induction motors.
This flux links with the rotor conductors and due to transformer action e. Nov 03, 2019 there are single phase induction motors and three phase induction motors. The single phase induction motors are made self starting by providing an additional flux by some additional means. Single phase induction motor double revolving field theory the three phase induction motor starting torque inversely depends on the slip this implies that a small positive slip 0. Single phase induction motor 1introduction the singlephase induction machine is the most frequently used motor for refrigerators, washing machines, clocks, drills, compressors, pumps, and so forth. Split phase induction motor operation and characteristics.
Consider a single phase induction motor with standstill rotor as shown in the below figure. The single phase motor stator has a laminated iron core with two windings arranged perpendicularly. White paper on single phase induction motor the most typically used electrical machines are electric motors which are used for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The threephase induction motor is the easiest motor of this type to understand so these notes start with that type.
This strange behavior of singlephase induction motor can be explained on the basis of doublefield revolving theory. The rotor is a rotating part of an induction motor. Single phase motors are very widely used in home, offices, workshops etc. Pdf causes and effects of singlephasing induction motors. Singlephase induction motors ac motors electronics textbook. Refer back to this diagram as the operational requirements of the singlephase motor are discussed. Constant speed motors singlephase induction singlephase. Singlephase induction motors ac motors electronics. This strange behavior of single phase induction motor can be explained on the basis of doublefield revolving theory. The slip ringsbrushes allow external resistors to be connected in series with the winding. Some singlephase induction motors are also called squirrel cage. The staring torque of induction motor is very high which makes motor useful for operations where load is applied before the starting of the motor. But the rotor construction differs with respect to the type of motor.
970 100 336 131 823 1171 1281 650 301 789 501 1393 834 1267 739 877 1393 528 141 1000 719 942 509 1122 850 1151 162 255 191 811 928 494 897 759 88 119 1052 1147 1292 1141 460 1466 168 747 1439 513